NPM-SACs/CS for CO₂RR. (A) Faradaic efficiencies of all products at CuSAs/TCNFs. (B) Free energies for conversion of *CO to CH₃OH on Cu−N₄ structure. Orange, gray, dark blue, red, and light blue spheres stand for Cu, C, N, O, and H atoms, respectively. Reproduced with permission from ref. [192]. Copyright©2021, American Chemical Society. Faradaic efficiency (C) and production rate (D) of CO₂ reduction products on Cu-SA/NPC. (E) Free energy diagrams calculated at a potential of −0.36 V for CO₂ reduction to CH₃COCH₃ on Cu-pyridinic-N₄ and Cu-pyrrolic-N₄ sites of Cu-SA/NPC (the computational models were included in the figure). Reproduced with permission from ref. [193]. Copyright©2021, Springer Nature.