Representative non-noble metal SACs are supported on carbon materials by different deposition methods. (A) Co₁/G SACs synthesized by ALD. The blue, brown, red, and white balls represent Co, C, O, and H atoms, respectively. Reproduced with permission from ref. [87]. Copyright©2018, Springer Nature. (B) Fe-N/S-C structure synthesized by CVD. Reproduced with permission from ref. [91]. Copyright©2021, American Chemical Society. (C) Cu-SNGF SACs synthesized by ECD. Reproduced with permission from ref. [93]. Copyright©2021, Elsevier.