Representative ultrafast synthesis strategies for preparing NPM-SACs/CS. (A) Synthesis of Ni-N-C moieties supported on carbon black by current heating. Reproduced with permission from ref. [112]. Copyright©2022, John Wiley and Sons. (B) Synthesis of Co-NG-MW by two-second microwave heating. Reproduced with permission from ref. [113]. Copyright©2018, John Wiley and Sons. (C) Synthesis of Co-P SACs by PLC operation. Reproduced with permission from ref. [114]. Copyright©2019, American Chemical Society. (D) Synthesis of Fe, Co, Ni, and Pt SACs by arc discharge. Reproduced with permission from ref. [115]. Copyright©2021, John Wiley and Sons.