The synthetic procedure of the supramolecular-derived carbon-based materials. (A) Nitrogen-doped three-dimensional porous graphene frameworks (NGA) materials. Adapted with permission from [116]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. (B) Melamine, phytic acid, and graphene oxide (MPSA/GO-1000) via cooperative assembly and pyrolysis. Adapted with permission from [119]. Copyright 2013, Wiley-VCH. (C) Dual heteroatoms doped N, S−C/800. Adapted with permission from [120]. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry. (D) N,P,S tri-doped carbon nanorods. Adapted with permission from [121]. Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH.