Thermal insulation property and energy saving of PSHF_HP. (A) Schematic illustrating the radiative and conductive heat transfer of radiative coolers with high and low thermal conductivity. (B) Comparison of the thermal conductivity and solar reflectance values of PSHF_HP with previously reported radiative cooling materials. (C), (D) Calculated net cooling power of PSHF_HP during the nighttime and daytime. Heat transfer coefficient h_c values of 0, 1, 3 and 6.9 W/(m² K) are used in the calculations. (E) When used as a building envelope, the PSHF_HP exhibits energy-saving potential benefiting from its high thermal resistance. (F) The modeled cooling energy consumption at various thermal conductivities combined with different thicknesses. (G) Comparison of the modeled cooling energy consumption for a couple of typical radiative cooling materials.