Table 1

List of crucial petroleum microbes (genus level) with their specific characteristics supporting the marine industry

Petroleum microbes Characteristics for supporting the relevant marine industry
Alcanivorax Offshore oil and gas:
Boosting quickly when facing hydrocarbons―their monitoring can provide information on the oil reservoir and oil spills [73];
Producing biosurfactants (anionic glycolipids) for microbial-enhanced oil recovery [75];
Degrading alkanes via beta-oxidation pathway for the mitigation of oily wastes [26].
Fishery:
Degrading synthetic polyesters and PE plastic wastes [76];
Synthesizing PHA polymers for waste valorization [77].
Desulfomicrobium Offshore oil and gas:
Notorious sulfate-reducing bacteria―their monitoring can provide information on corrosion-related oil activities [33].
Pseudomonas Offshore oil and gas:
Producing biosurfactants (rhamnolipids) for microbial-enhanced oil recovery [78];
Degrading petroleum hydrocarbons for the mitigation of oily wastes [79].
Shipping:
Biodenitrogenation of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds (e.g., carbazole and carbazone) and biodesulfurization of DBT for oil upgrading [80];
Acting as the platform to produce biofuels such as ethanol, butanol, and value-added hydroxy acids [81,82].
Fishery:
Depolymerizing several plastics like PVC, PE, and PS [83];
Using wastes to synthesize various pharmaceutical and agricultural bioproducts, such as PHA polymers and biosurfactants, for sustainable production [84].
Rhodococcus Offshore oil and gas:
Producing biosurfactants (trehalolipids) for microbial-enhanced oil recovery [85];
Degrading petroleum hydrocarbons for the mitigation of oily wastes [86].
Shipping:
Biodenitrogenation and biodesulfurization of heavy oils supporting oil upgrading [87];
Producing biodiesel [88].
Fishery:
Degrading plastics potential for the biodegradation of diverse plastics from genome-based observation [89];
Producing various products such as biosurfactants and triacylglycerol using fish wastes [90].
Bacillus Offshore oil and gas:
Producing biosurfactants (lipopeptides) for microbial-enhanced oil recovery [91];
Degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and secreting biosurfactants to add to the mitigation of oily wastes [92].
Shipping:
Secreting cytochrome C reductase as biocatalyst for heavy oil biodemetallization [23];
Producing isoprenoid-based biofuels via genetic modification [93,94].
Fishery:
Biodegradation of diverse plastics such as PE and PS [95];
Producing various valuable chemicals such as biosurfactants, gelatin, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and PHA polymers using fish wastes [96,97].
Cycloclasticus Offshore oil and gas:
Degrading aromatics in petroleum hydrocarbons for the mitigation of oily wastes [73].
Fishery:
Degrading plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [98].

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