AI-driven prediction of interfacial reactions and SEI formation. (A) The reaction networks of Li⁺, EC, H₂O, and e⁻. (B) Feasible reaction paths to form LEMC and the corresponding reaction-free energies [89]. (C) Schematic diagram of the input parameters on the simulated negative electrode in the kMC model. (D) Average fractions of SEI and gas products after the kMC simulations and corresponding schematic of the SEI structure [90]. (B) Adapted with permission from Ref. [89], Copyright©2022, American Chemical Society. (D) Adapted with permission from Ref. [90], Copyright©2022, American Chemical Society.