(A) Structural characterization of Cu_SA-NC catalyst. (B) Optimized atomic Cu-N₄ and Cu-N₂ configuration, partial density of states (PDOS) for Cu-N₄ and Cu-N₂ sites, and the reaction pathway of PDS activation and 2,4-DCP oxidation on Cu_SA-NC. (C) ECs degradation performance in different systems. (D) 2,4-DCP concentration in the effluent from a continuous-flow reactor consisting of the Cu_SA-NC-filled column (inset: diagram of the continuous-flow reactor). Adapted with permission from ref. [101], Copyright©2022, American Chemical Society.