(a) HER inhibition mechanism of QASs with different electrophilic and nucleophilic groups (the additives was denoted as C1-C8 depending on the length of electrophilic groups). Adapt with permission from Ref. [127]. Copyright 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH. (b) Destroy mechanism of h- bonds in electrolyte containing DSMO. (c) FTIR spectra of electrolyte with DSMO. Adapt with permission from Ref. [129]. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society.