Comparison of representative lipophilic ligands for their extraction dynamics and single crystal structures. (a–c) Ligand structures for CyMe4-BTP, CyMe4-BTBP and CyMe4-BTPhen. Solvent extraction dynamics (d–f, blue dots for Am(III) and blacks for Eu(III)) and single crystal structures (g–i) for the three ligands. Experimental conditions: 8.8 mM ligand with 0.5 mM of N,Nʹ-dimethyl-N,Nʹ-dioctyl-2-ethoxymalonamide (DMDOHEMA) as phase-transfer agent in n-octanol with 0.5 M HNO₃ (d); 20 mM ligand in n-octanol with 0.5 M HNO₃ (e); 10 mM ligand in n-octanol with 1.0 M HNO₃ (e). Data in panel (d) and (g) were recreated according to Ref [86]. Extraction dynamics for CyMe4-BTBP in panel (e) was from Ref [75] and the crystal structure was from Ref [87]. Data in panel (f) and (i) were recreated according to Ref [76].