Characterization of U(VI) adsorption by MoSe₂-CF, WS₂-CF, and WSe₂-CF. (A) Zeta potential of MoSe₂, WS₂, WSe₂, MoSe₂-CF, WS₂-CF, and WSe₂-CF after ball milling. (B) Water contact angle of MoSe₂-CF, WS₂-CF, and WSe₂-CF. (C) Adsorption of uranium by MoSe₂, WS₂, WSe₂, MoSe₂-CF, WS₂-CF (C₀^U = 150 ppm, pH = 5, t = 12 h, m/V = 1 g L⁻¹). SEM and elemental distribution mappings of MoSe₂-CF-U (D), WS₂-CF-U (E) and WSe₂-CF-U (F). (G) XPS of MoSe₂-CF-U, WS₂-CF-U, and WSe₂-CF-U. (H) FT-IR of MoSe₂-CF-U, WS₂-CF-U, and WSe₂-CF-U.