(a) Schematic illustration of CEI design. (b) Temperature curves of LiF, Li₃PO₄ and Li₂SO₃ in AIMD calculation at 45 °C (the more curve fluctuation corresponding the more unstable component). (c) Interfacial binding energies between LiF (100), Li₃PO₄ (101) and Li₂SO₃ (010). (d) Galvanostatic cycling performance and coulombic efficiency of LCO cathodes with various electrolytes at a rate of 0.2 C for the first 3 cycles and 1 C for the subsequent cycles. (e) Comparison of the LCO electrochemical performance under elevated temperature condition. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [6]. Copyright 2025, The Author(s).