RESEARCH ARTICLE

A high-accuracy Braille recognizing sensing device bio-inspired by human touch sensation based on microstructure-based sensor and machine learning method

¹ Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Chip and System, Department of Electronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266400, China
² Research Center for Intelligent & Wearable Technology, College of Textiles & Clothing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China

^* Corresponding authors (emails: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. (Junyang Li); This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. (Mingwei Tian); This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. (Qi Wen))

Received: 21 November 2025
Revised: 8 December 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025

Abstract

Braille learning is essential to communicate and work for visually impaired people (VI). However, a convenient and portable Braille learning device has not been investigated. Herein, a convenient and high-accuracy Braille learning-enabled tactile sensing system is developed to help VI learning Braille themselves. The tactile sensing system based on tailored micropatterned tactile sensor through sliding mode on Braille, which is bio-inspired by human touching sensation. It achieved a high recognition accuracy of 98.96% for 26 English letters for Braille. The tactile sensor with a tiny size (3 mm×3 mm×2 mm) exhibited a high sensitivity of 0.11 kPa⁻¹, which is based on two micro-dome structures with the same dimension as the dot on Braille. The tactile sensing device is fabricated by the tailored sensor, process circuit and microprogrammed control unit to recognize Braille; the sensing device can help VI learning and writing Braille. This work presents a practical theory for VI learning Braille themselves.