CV characterization on SAM surface coverage and Seebeck coefficient of three types of DPP. (A) CV measurements with F-DPP assembled gold as the working electrode at different immersion concentrations in 2.5 mmol/L K₃Fe(CN)₆/K₄Fe(CN)₆ containing 0.1 mol/L KNO₃ as the supporting electrolyte, standard calomel and Pt working as reference and counter electrode respectively. (Inset: surface coverage fraction of self-assembled F-DPP as a function of immersion concentration.) (B) Experimentally measured Seebeck coefficient value for F-DPP (blue squares), T-DPP (brown cycles) and Thia-DPP (magenta triangles). Error bars are the standard deviation in Gaussian fitting of thermoelectric voltages. The solid line indicates that the absolute Seebeck coefficient of the three DPPs increases with solution concentration. The green dashed line indicates that the Seebeck coefficient S=0.