Open Access
Review
Table 1
Summary of therapeutic MBs and NBs for different biomedical applications
Materials | Gas types | Advantages | Size | Biomedical applications | Reference |
Doxorubicin | O2 NBs | Chemotherapy | 184–207 nm | MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and Hela cervical cancer | [15] |
Gas vesicles | O2 NBs | PDT | 300–330 nm | SCC7 carcinoma cancer | [18] |
ICG | O2 NBs | PDT | 220 nm | Oral cancer | [20] |
Biotin functionalised Rose Bengal | O2 MBs | SDT | 1–2 μm | BxPc-3 pancreatic cancer | [16] |
Lipid | NO MBs | Chemotherapy | 1.012 ± 0.712 μm |
Thrombus and ischemia-reperfusion injury | [21] |
Streptavidin | NO MBs | Chemotherapy | 0.96 ± 0.07 mm | Immunosuppressive and anti-thrombotic | [22] |
Lipid | NO MBs | Chemotherapy | 3.85 μm | Proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of the mesenchymal stem cells | [28] |
H2O2 and L-arginine | NO MBs | Chemotherapy | 2.32 ± 0.21 μm | Hyperglycemia theranostics | [30] |
Lipid | Xe MBs | Chemotherapy | 4.2 ± 0.16 μm | Imaging | [32] |
Lipid | Xe NBs | Chemotherapy | 225 ± 11 nm | Acute ischemic stroke | [35] |
Lipid | Xe MBs | Chemotherapy | Early brain injury | [36] | |
Lipid | Xe MBs | Chemotherapy | Traumatic brain injury | [40] | |
Porphyrin/camptothecin-floxuridine | C3F8 MBs and NBs |
Chemotherapy and PDT | 1 μm (MBs) 30 to 100 nm (NBs) |
HT-29 colorectal cancer | [43] |
Porphyrin derivatives | C3F8 NBs | SDT | 144.66 to 199.5 nm | LS 174T colorectal cancer | [42] |
Rose bengal | C3F8 MBs NBs |
SDT | 130 nm (NBs) | HT-29 colorectal cancer | [46] |
Rose Bengal | C4F10 MBs |
SDT | 1.2–2.2 μm | LNCaP-Lucprostate cancer | [45] |
Folic acid, IR-780 iodide | C3F8 NBs | PTT | 539–643 nm | U87 xenografts | [48] |
Porphyrin, HIF1α-siRNA | C3F8 MBs | PDT and gene therapy | 1 to 7 μm | Triple negative breast cancer |
[45] |
Folate | C3F8 NBs | Physical targeted therapy | 80 to 790 nm | FR-positive cancer | [47] |
Doxorubicin | C3F8 NBs | Chemotherapy | about 350 nm | Anaplastic thyroid cancer | [41] |
Platelet membrane | SF6 NBs | Chemotherapy | 246.57 ± 14.32 nm | Vascular endothelial injury | [56] |
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles | SF6 NBs | Chemotherapy | 227.40 ± 87.21 nm | Ischemic stroke | [57] |
Cas9/sgRNA protein | SF6 MBs | Gene therapy | 1.19 μm | Androgenic alopecia | [58] |
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