Table 4
Key technology and policies in industrial sector
| Literature | Measures | Evaluation | ||
| Mitigation to climate change | Key technology | Li Zheng et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2021 [255,256] | Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) | For sectors grappling with emission reduction and the shift towards cleaner energy sources, CCS technology assumes a pivotal role in their future progress. The evolving landscape of CCS technology is anticipated to facilitate a remarkable reduction of approximately 390 Mt of emissions per annum in China by the year 2030. |
| Yang et al., 2022 [229] | Hydrogen (zero-carbon energy system) | Within the context of the ZERO-H initiative, the BF-BOF share is projected to decrease to 34% by the year 2060. Meanwhile, electric arc furnaces are poised to claim a 45% share, and hydrogen-DRI will constitute the remaining 21%. Clean hydrogen is slated to fulfill 29% of the industrial sector’s overall final energy requirements. | ||
| Wang et al., 2023 [257] | DRI-EAF (Electrification and Scrap Use) | Owing to reduced steelmaking expenses, decreased CO2 emissions, and elevated CO2 prices, the overall cost of direct reduced iron-electric arc furnace (DRI-EAF) technology will be more competitive than the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) method. | ||
| Government policy | Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, 2022 [254] | Support the green, low-carbon and high-quality development of industry and build a green manufacturing system | Vigorously regulate the unchecked proliferation of high-energy-consuming, high-emission, and low-tier (two high and one low) projects. The issuance of environmental impact assessment approvals for construction projects within associated industries in 2021 witnessed a year-on-year decline exceeding 30%, thereby curbing the initiation of over 350 “two high and one low” undertakings and curtailing the demand for new energy by 270 Mt of standard coal. | |
| Vigorously promote the improvement of quality and efficiency in the industrial field | Identify 43 companies at the forefront of energy efficiency across 14 pivotal sectors, encompassing petrochemicals, chemicals, and steel, to spearhead advancements in the overall industry’s energy efficiency. | |||
| Controlling non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions | In compliance with pertinent regulations, the Chinese government intensifies its oversight of HFC emissions. It mandates rigorous supervision of select HFC chemical manufacturing and construction initiatives, bolsters environmental governance for associated construction projects, and prohibits companies from direct discharge of the by-product trifluoromethane. |
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