Table 10
Summary of temperature-regulated agents for virous salt hydrate PCMs
| Salt hydrate PCMs | Temperature regulator | Volume of addition | Phase change temperature (°C) | Latent heat capacity (J/g) | Reference | ||
| Original | After adjustive | Original | After adjustive | ||||
| CaCl2·6H2O | Urea (containing 5% ethanol, organics) | 13% | 29.0 | 11.0 | − | 134.9 | [123] |
| 14% | 11.2 | 120.1 | |||||
| 15% | 11.62 | 127.2 | |||||
| 16% | 9.54 | 104.8 | |||||
| CaCl2·6H2O | Ethanol (containing 5% urea, organics) | 2% | 29.0 | 13.88 | − | 145.5 | [123] |
| 3% | 12.72 | 133.6 | |||||
| 4% | 11.58 | 113.3 | |||||
| 5% | 11.62 | 127.2 | |||||
| 6% | 7.98 | 96.31 | |||||
| CH3COONa·3H2O | Urea (organics) | 2% | 58.17 | 56.20 | 266.5 | 262.7 (↓ 1.43%) | [124] |
| 5% | 52.66 | 259.3 (↓ 2.70%) | |||||
| 8% | 50.82 | 240.4 (↓ 9.79%) | |||||
| 11% | 49.01 | 231.6 (↓ 13.1%) | |||||
| 15% | 41.73 | 126.9 (↓ 52.38%) | |||||
| 17% | 46.60 | 121.6 (↓ 54.37%) | |||||
| CH3COONa·3H2O | NHCl4 (inorganic salt) | 2.5% | 57.5 | 51.7 | 250.2 | − | [5] |
| 5% | 49.9 | − | |||||
| 7.5% | 48.5 | − | |||||
| 10% | 45.1 | 172.2 (↓ 31.18%) | |||||
| CH3COONa·3H2O | KCl (inorganic salt) | 2% | 58.0 | 54.0 | − | − | [56] |
| 4% | 53.0 | − | |||||
| 6% | 52.0 | − | |||||
| 8% | 50.0 | 236.17 | |||||
| 10% | 50.0 | − | |||||
| CH3COONa·3H2O | KCl/urea (inorganic salt/organics) | 8%/3% | 58.4 | 47.6 | 275.1 | 222.7 (↓ 19.05%) | [125] |
| CH3COONa·3H2O | Urea (containing 8% KCl, organics/inorganic salt) | 1% | 51.5 | 52.5 | 238.6 | 222.5 (↓ 6.75%) | [12] |
| 2% | 49.7 | 239.8 | |||||
| 3% | 47.1 | 232.0 (↓ 2.77%) | |||||
| CH3COONa·3H2O | SiO2 (containing 11% KCl, inorganics) | 20% | 48.45 | 43.50 | 240.4 | 164.0 (↓ 31.78%) | [126] |
| 25% | 43.30 | 155.2 (↓ 35.44%) | |||||
| 30% | 35.75 | 151.6 (↓ 36.94%) | |||||
| 35% | 34.36 | 136.5 (↓ 43.22%) | |||||
| CaCl2·6H2O | Choline chloride (organics) | 0.8:0.2 (CaCl2·6H2O:Choline chloride) |
− | 16.80 | − | 100.05 | [69] |
| 0.86:0.14 (CaCl2·6H2O:Choline chloride) |
20.65 | 127.22 | |||||
| 0.89:0.11 (CaCl2·6H2O:Choline chloride) |
23.05 | 135.21 | |||||
| 0.91:0.09 (CaCl2·6H2O:Choline chloride) |
24.10 | 146.57 | |||||
| CH3COONa·3H2O | Formamide (organics) | 0.75:0.25 (CH3COONa·3H2O:Formamide) |
58.17 | 40.88 | − | 233.9 | [127] |
| CH3COONa·3H2O | Tartaric acid (organics) | 0.45:0.55 (CH3COONa·3H2O:Formamide) |
58.4 | 50.00 | 264.3 | 209.3 (↓ 20.81%) | [94] |
| CH3COONa·3H2O | Glycine (organics) | 3% | 58.38 | 55.01 | 266.3 | 266.1 (↓ 0.08%) | [120] |
| 6% | 52.88 | 265.0 (↓ 0.49%) | |||||
| 9% | 51.09 | 261.8 (↓ 1.69%) | |||||
| 12% | 48.62 | 258.5 (↓ 2.93%) | |||||
| 15% | 48.67 | 256.0 (↓ 3.87%) | |||||
| 18% | 48.38 | 251.9 (↓ 5.41%) | |||||
| 21% | 48.34 | 246.4 (↓ 7.47%) | |||||
| Mg(NO3)2·6H2O | MgCl2·6H2O (eutectic salts) | 35% | − | 60.7 | − | 131.1 | [128] |
| 50% | 62.7 | 122.8 | |||||
| Na2HPO4·12H2O | Na2CO4·10H2O (eutectic salts) | 9:1 (Na2HPO4·12H2O:Na2CO4·10H2O) |
38.68 | 25.05 | 238.61 | 216.66 (↓ 9.20%) | [79] |
| 5:5 (Na2HPO4·12H2O:Na2CO4·10H2O) |
26.94 | 198.44 (↓ 16.84%) | |||||
| 1:9 (Na2HPO4·12H2O:Na2CO4·10H2O) |
25.66 | 173.95 (↓ 27.10%) | |||||
| CaCl2·6H2O | MgCl2·6H2O (eutectic salts) | 10% | − | 26.0 | − | − | [129] |
| 15% | 25.0 | − | |||||
| 20% | 23.5 | − | |||||
| 25% | 21.0 | − | |||||
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