Advancements and challenges in enhancing salt hydrate phase change materials for building energy storage: Optimization methodologies and mechanisms

Special Topic: Energy Systems of Low Carbon Buildings

Open Access

Review

Table 13

Summary of energy geostructures integrated with PCMs

Structure element	Type of PCM	PCM characteristics	PCM utilization pattern	Research methodology	Reference
Energy pile	RT2HC	1–3°C, 200 J/g	PCM pipes *29 (around the perimeter)	PCM analysis System COP analysis Results validation Cost analysis	[158]
Energy pile	CaCl₂·6H₂O	28°C, 200 J/g	PCM backfill	Effects of PCM properties on thermal performance of PHC energy pile Effect of different backfill materials on thermal performance of PHC energy pile Effect of different operation patterns on thermal performance of PHC energy pile Effect of groundwater seepage on thermal performance of PHC energy pile	[159]
Energy pile	RT5HC	4–6°C, 250 J/g	PCM tubes *4 (around the center)	Energy pile performance without a PCM PCM temperature and phase profiles Effect of a PCM on the GSHP performance Effect of a PCM on the thermal radius Effect of the PCM location on the GSHP performance Effect of the melting temperature Effect of using multiple PCM melting temperatures	[160]
Energy pile	Paraffin	23±1°C, 188 J/g	PCM aggregates (coarse aggregates replacement)	Horizontal temperature change Temperature change with depth Phase transition progression inside the pile Temperature distribution in pile-soil Heat power; pile-soil displacement Pile internal stress and side friction Thermo-mechanical response behavior of the FRPC pile	[161,162]
Energy pile	Paraffin	23±1°C, 188 J/g	PCM aggregates (coarse aggregates replacement)	Water temperatures of the inlet and outlet Temperature distribution Thermal response of the soil Influence of operation modes Heat transfer power	[8,163]
Energy pile	MicroPCM	28.7°C, 180 J/g	PCM additives	Mechanical and thermal properties of MicroPCM C50 concrete Energy performance of MicroPCM energy pile	[164]
Energy pile	Lauric acid	43.5–48.2°C, 187 J/g	PCM tube *1 (in the center)	Effects of the PCM on the thermal response of the pile body Observing the phase change process Effects of the PCM on the thermal response of the soil media Effects of the PCM on the thermal-induced excess pore water pressures Effects of the PCM on the power output	[165]
Energy pile	Salt hydrates	22.9°C, 200 J/g	Round PCM sheet (around the perimeter)	Model validation Preliminary performance and economic analysis	[166]
Energy pile	Salt hydrates	22.9°C, 200 J/g	Round PCM sheet (around the perimeter)	Outlet fluid temperature and phase change process Temperature profiles in the water tank and soil	[167]
Energy tunnel	−	15°C, 182 J/g	PCM plates	Effect of PCM thermal conductivity on cold energy storage of PCM plate Effect of PCM melting temperature on cold energy storage of PCM plate Effect of surrounding rock temperature on cold energy storage of PCM plate Effect of tunnel lining GHEs length on cold energy storage of PCM plate	[168]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.