Advancements and challenges in enhancing salt hydrate phase change materials for building energy storage: Optimization methodologies and mechanisms

Special Topic: Energy Systems of Low Carbon Buildings

Open Access

Review

Table 9

Comparison of thermal conductivity of salt hydrate PCMs before and after optimization with high-thermal-conductivity additives

Dimension of additives	Additives	Type of PCMs	Thermal conductivity (W/(m K))		Reference
Dimension of additives	Additives	Type of PCMs	Before optimization	After optimization	Reference
0D	Cu nanoparticle (0.5 wt.%)	CH₃COONa·3H₂O	0.921	1.155	[57]
	Carbon nanoparticle (1 wt.%)	KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O	0.546	0.910	[61]
	Graphite powder (2 wt.%)	CH₃COONa·3H₂O	0.630	0.850	[113]
	α-Al₂O₃ nanoparticle (4.5 wt.%)	Na₂SO₄·10H₂O	0.789	1.272	[60]
	γ-Al₂O₃ nanoparticle (2.0 wt.%)	CaCl₂·6H₂O	0.341	1.373	[114]
	AlN powder (9 wt.%)	CH₃COONa·3H₂O	0.562	0.680	[112]
	Modified AlN powder (16 wt.%)	Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O	0.500	1.400	[115]
	α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle (0.8 wt.%)	CH₃COONa·3H₂O	0.868	1.063	[116]
1D	Carbon nanotube (3 wt.%)	CH₃COONa·3H₂O	0.527	0.789	[5]
	Carbon fiber (8 wt.%)	Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O	0.500	1.910	[115]
	SiC nanowire (5 wt.%)	Na₂SO₄·10H₂O	0.781	1.016	[117]
2D	Hp-graphene nanoplatelet (5 wt.%)	CH₃COONa·3H₂O	0.650	1.930	[118]
	Graphene nanoplatelet (2.5 wt.%)	Ba(OH)₂·8H₂O	0.618	2.077	[119]
	hBN (5 wt.%)	CH₃COONa·3H₂O	0.700	1.200	[58]
	Expanded graphite (12 wt.%)	CH₃COONa·3H₂O	−	6.400	[120]
	Modified expanded graphite (26 wt.%)	Ba(OH)₂·8H₂O	−	3.580	[121]
	Graphite flake (5 wt.%)	CH₃COONa·3H₂O	0.590	1.100	[113]
3D	Cu foam (98% porosity)	CH₃COONa·3H₂O	0.760	2.100	[111]
	SiC foam (85% porosity)	CH₃COONa·3H₂O	0.64	1.540	[42]
	Cu foam (92.4% porosity)	CH₃COONa·3H₂O	0.590	6.800	[122]

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