Advancements in hollow-core anti-resonant fiber for gas sensing applications

Special Topic: Intelligent Materials and Devices

Open Access

Review

Table 1

HC-ARF-based gas sensors employing different sensing technologies

Methods	Gas	Laser wavelength (μm)	Integration time (s)	LoD (ppb)	NEA (cm⁻¹)	NNEA (W cm⁻¹ Hz^−1/2)	Ref.
TDLAS	C₂H₂	10.500	80	10	4.0 × 10⁻⁷		[42]
	CO₂	2.000	10	34300			[128]
	CO	2.300	100	220			[129]
PTS	NO	5.260	144	11		4.29 × 10⁻⁷	[130]
	CH₄	1.651	450	24.2	7.43 × 10⁻⁹		[131]
	C₂H₂	1.532	450	11.6	1.35 × 10⁻⁸
	NH₃	1.532	450	46.1	9.87 × 10⁻⁹
	CH₄	1.654	200	0.015	5.6 × 10^-12		[132]
	C₂H₂	1.532	113	0.0027
	O₂	0.761	70	560
	H₂O	1.390	1000	222	3.57 × 10⁻⁹		[133]
	CO₂	2.000	1000	1.5	2.33 × 10⁻⁹
	CO	4.600	1000	0.6
	CO	4.602	600	35			[134]
	CO₂	2.004	280	120
	C₂H₄	3.346	280	310
	C₂H₆	3.348	280	49
	C₂H₂	1.530	320	1	1 × 10^-9		[135]
PAS	C₂H₂	1.533	100	8	2.81 × 10⁻⁸		[102]
FERS	CH₄	0.532	60	1200			[136]
	C₂H₄		60	1600
	C₂H₂		60	2700
	C₂H₆		60	2900
	H₂		60	13800
	CO		60	16700
	H₂	0.532	30	11200			[137]
	C₂H₂		30	3100
	CO₂		30	9400
	C₂H₄		30	4800
	CH₄		30	1500
	CO		30	17900
	¹³C¹⁶O₂	0.532	900	135			[138]
	¹²C¹⁶O₂		900	510
	¹²C¹⁶O¹⁸O		900	221
	CH₄		900	98
	¹³CO₂	0.532	300	70			[139]
	¹²CO₂	0.532	300	640			[139]
CLaDS	C₂H₆	3.336	25	0.0155		3.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	[113]
HPSDS	NO	5.260	80	800			[114]
HPSDS	CH₄	1.654	1285	1220			[140]
LITES	CH₄	1.651	100	220	8.23 × 10⁻⁸	2.04 × 10⁻¹¹	[141]
	N₂O	4.570	50	40	8.6 × 10^–7		[142]
	CO₂	2.006	100	20000	1.7 × 10^–6		[142]
	CO	2.330	100	3850		1.15 × 10⁻⁷	[116]
	C₂H₂	1.530	100	1670			[143]

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