The comprehensive SERS performance evaluation of NC-NbSe₂ film. (A) Stack plots of Raman spectra for R6G coated onNC-NbSe₂ films with various R6G concentrations ranging from 1×10⁻⁵ to 1×10⁻¹⁰ M. (B) The time-dependent evolution of Raman spectra of R6G coated on NC-NbSe₂ films exposure to air at 50 °C. (C) The time-dependent Raman spectra of R6G coated on NC-NbSe₂ films that were pre-immerged in water for 30 min. (D) The robustness demonstration of NC-NbSe₂ film with pre-immersion in water and subsequent reliable SERS signal towards RhB (4×10⁻⁶ M) detection.