(a) Galvanostatic cycling of polymer electrolytes at different current densities. (b) Enlarged view of the short-circuit formation in HP electrolyte during long-term cycling of symmetric cells. (c) Continuous Li⁺ stripping/plating profiles of HPP and HP electrolytes at a current density of 0.15 mA cm⁻². SEM images of the cycled lithium metal surface for HPP (d) and HP (e), along with corresponding EDS spectra of C, O, and F elements. XPS spectra of F 1s (f), C 1s (g), and Si 2p (h) for HPP and HP symmetric cells.