RESEARCH ARTICLE

Synthesis of one-dimensional hierarchical mesoporous carbon for supercapacitors

¹ College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
² Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
³ National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China

^* Corresponding authors (emails: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. (Danli Liang); This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. (Zaiwang Zhao); This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. (Yujuan Zhao))

Received: 8 January 2026
Revised: 29 January 2026
Accepted: 30 January 2026

Abstract

One-dimensional carbon-based materials suffer from inherent limitations such as structural collapse and high mass transfer resistance. In this study, a novel single-micelle-based dual-templates assembly strategy of using polystyrene-block-poly (4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly (ethylene oxide) (PS-PVP-PEO) single micelles as soft templates and one-dimensional (1D) SiO₂ as hard templates was adopted. Utilizing dopamine as the carbon and nitrogen source, one-dimensional mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon nanorods (1D N-mC) with hierarchical porous architecture were successfully prepared. Such hierarchical porous material features unique rich spherical pores with a specific surface area of 494 m² g⁻¹ and uniformly distributed nitrogen doping sites. Hence, this kind of 1D hierarchical mesoporous carbon material exhibits a specific capacitance of 320 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹, a capacity retention rate of over 72% at a high rate of 10 A g⁻¹, and only a 11% capacity decay after 5000 cycles. These properties effectively address the inherent defects aforementioned (structure collapse and high mass transfer resistance) of conventional carbon-based materials, laying a solid foundation for the development of high-performance energy storage devices.