Effects of BPNS on mitochondria functions. (a) Effects of different concentrations of LBPNS on intracellular Ca²⁺ level (n = 3). (b) Effects of different concentrations of LBPNS on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (Due to low mitochondrial membrane potential, green fluorescence was exhibited by JC-10 at 525 nm. Due to high mitochondrial membrane potential, red fluorescence was exhibited by JC-10 at 590 nm) (n = 3). (c) Effects of SBPNS and LBPNS(5 μg/mL)on intracellular ROS level (n = 3). (d) Detection of the effects of LBPNS and SBPNS on the cell cycle by flow cytometry. (e) Effect of LBPNS and SBPNS on the cell S phase. (f) Effect of LBPNS and SBPNS on the cell G2/M phase. (g) Effect of LBPNS and SBPNS on the cell G0/G1 phase.