Fabrication, self-adaptation, and biosignal monitoring mechanisms of THIN. (a) Schematic of the fabrication process for THIN, where OLA denotes orthogonal-layered assembly. (b) Schematic of the possible mechanism of self-adaptation of THIN on a moisturized tissue. (c) Direct conformal adhesion is achieved by a thin channel and a wet tissue surface. Adapted from Ref. [7]. Copyrighy 2025, Springer Nature Limited.