(A) Li/Na-storage mechanism in conversion-type anodes. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [118]. Copyright©2018, American Chemical Society. (B) Schematic illustration of the formation mechanism for the multi-shelled structure. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [127]. Copyright©2019, The Royal Society of Chemistry. (C) Variation of the σ during the template removal process and the schematic illustrations of labeled states. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [128]. Copyright©2023, Wiley‐VCH GmbH. (D) Illustration of the synthesis process of 6s WS_2−x HoMSs. (E) Optical image of an LED screen powered by the pouch cell. (F) Long cycle performance of the 6s WS_2−x@N-C HoMSs//Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃@C SIB full cells. (D–F) Reproduced with permission from Ref. [129]. Copyright©2022, Wiley‐VCH GmbH. (G–J) TEM images of cobalt sulfide DSNBs, TSNBs, QuaSNBs, and QuiSNBs, respectively. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [131]. Copyright©2019, Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (K) TEM and (L) HRTEM images of T-FeS/MoS₂@NC. (M) Na⁺ adsorption binding energies for different surfaces. (N) Na⁺ diffusion energy barriers for MoS₂, FeS, and FeS/MoS₂. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [134]. Copyright©2025, The Author(s). (O) Pseudocapacitive contribution of (NaFeZnCoNiMn)₉S₈ at different scan rates. (P) Changes in Na⁺ diffusion coefficients during the charge and discharge process. (O, P) Reproduced with permission from Ref. [135]. Copyright©2025, The Author(s).